Ninho de Beija-Flor, Paisagem Brasileira, Brasil (Nesting Hummingbirds, Brazilian Landscape) - Martin Johnson Heade
Brasil
Coleção privada
OST - 50x30 - Circa 1870-1873
In 1863,
celebrated landscape and still-life painter Martin Johnson Heade traveled to
South America, following in the footsteps of fellow painter Frederic Edwin
Church and inspired by the successful publications of artist-ornithologists
John James Audubon and John Gould. At the time, an article in the Boston
Transcript declared, “It is his intention in Brazil to depict the richest
and most brilliant of the hummingbird family--about which he is so great an
enthusiast--…He is only fulfilling the dream of his boyhood in doing so.” (as
quoted in J.L. Comey, “The Gems of Brazil,” Martin Johnson Heade, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1999, p. 71) Indeed, Heade was fascinated with tropical flora
and fauna, studying and painting hummingbirds in Brazil between 1863 and 1865
and making subsequent trips to Nicaragua in 1866 and Colombia, Panama and
Jamaica in 1870. As in his best works resulting from these explorations, Nesting
Hummingbirds, Brazilian Landscape not only demonstrates Heade’s deep
knowledge gained during these travels through tropical lands, but also evokes
the artist’s life-long wonderment and awe for the mysterious, teeming jungles
of South America and their wildlife gems.
Heade's early attraction to the mystical hummingbird had astounding
ramifications for his artistic career, and he diligently studied the species in
order to perfectly capture its miniature magnificence. "Somehow the beauty
and lightening speed of this tiny, brilliant flower of the air so impressed
him, as later to create within him the strongest urge to investigate its habits,
and perpetuate on canvas its fleeting beauty, and exquisite iridescence."
(R.C. McIntyre, Martin Johnson Heade, New York, 1948, p. 12) In Nesting
Hummingbirds, Brazilian Landscape, the artist painstakingly represents the
unique coloring and features of a pair of crimson topaz (Topaza pella), which
are the largest species of hummingbird native to Brazil. The male resting on
the higher branch is recognizable from the pair of longer tail feathers
dangling below his perch, and the bird's striking hot pink feathers and acid
yellow-green throat dazzle amidst the gray-green landscape. Janet L. Comey
explains of the artist’s technical efforts toward accuracy, “Heade took
particular care in portraying the iridescent quality of hummingbirds’ plumage.
He applied paint in many layers, and to convey the shimmering quality of the
feathers on the throat, cap, or breast, he used a thin glaze of natural rose
madder, a red dye derived from the madder root, over a white, reflective,
textured underlayer.” (J.L. Comey, “The Gems of Brazil,” Martin Johnson
Heade, Boston, Massachusetts, 1999, p. 74)
Heade’s paintings of hummingbirds are so extraordinary because they are not in
actuality completely accurate recordings of nature; rather, they are articulate
combinations of scientific detail and artistic license that uniquely capture
the natural beauty of these distant lands. Accordingly, here Heade has
picturesquely placed his two hummingbird subjects, with the female tending the
nest while its mate looks out and guards from upon the branch directly above.
These charming postures make for a beautiful and sentimental composition, but
Heade scholar Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr. explains that this unlikely posing
"increasingly dismayed ornithologists, who pointed out that birds are not
only difficult to see (being almost always in motion, with a wingbeat of up to
200 per second), but that male and female are almost never found together,
particularly around the nest. Nevertheless, Heade's scenes communicate a sense
of domestic felicity and quiet.” (The Life and Works of Martin Johnson Heade,
New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 133-34) In Nesting Hummingbirds, Brazilian
Landscape, the artist emphasizes the foreground scene, framing the niche using
tree branches as repoussoir devices and contrasting the bright colors
of the birds and red-spotted leaves in the foreground with the hazy purple hues
of the background mountain vista; the rich greens of the forest and the misty
gray atmospheric perspective create a sense of the vibrancy and fecundity of the
natural environment.
Unlike his more scientifically oriented predecessors Audubon and Gould, in
works such as Nesting Hummingbirds, Brazilian Landscape, Heade
captures both the nineteenth-century, Darwinian fascination with cataloguing
the natural world as well as the Victorian awareness of the latent,
transcendent power of nature. “In all of the work of his artistic maturity,
Heade was a romantic masquerading as a realist. He studied the hummingbirds,
the orchids, and the passionflowers with the eye of a naturalist, just as he
sketched the landscapes of the Northeast, Florida and Brazil using the methods
of the topographical painter. Yet in each genre, the paintings have more to do
with memory than with fact; they speak less to keenness of observation than to
the richness of the painter’s imagination.” (T.E. Stebbins, Jr., Martin
Johnson Heade, Boston, Massachusetts, 1999, p. 9)
Nota do blog:
Vendida em leilão da Christie’s por USD 1,745,000.