Actopan - México
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Actopan (Otomi: Ma’ñuts’i)
s a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo,
in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of
280.1 km². It is crossed by the federal road that runs from Mexico City to Nuevo Laredo and it is located 30 km northwest
of Pachuca, the capital city of the state of Hidalgo.
Actopan is known as the city of the convent
and the land of the barbecue. Its name derives from the word “Atoctli” meaning
“firm, fertile, and humid land” and the word “pan” meaning “on” or “over” in
Nahuatl. Thus, the name Actopan comes to mean “on the firm, humid, and fertile
land”.
It is estimated that the Toltecas arrived
to an area close to Actopan in 674. By the year 1117, another indigenous group
called the Chichimecas arrived to what is now
Actopan and Mixquiahuila. In
1113, Xide gave
Actopan the name “Mañutzi”. Actopan was under the rule of the chichimecas until
the emperor Moctezuma II added the area that is
now Actopan to his dominion. In 1521, the indigenous Otomies helped the leader Cuauhtémoc defend Mexico against Spanish colonizers.
Juan Gonzalez Ponce de Leon was one of the first
Spaniards given encomendero status over Actopan in the early 1520s.
The movement to convert the population to
Roman Catholicism begin in 1526 with the Augustine Friars. By the year 1548 the
temple and monastery in Actopan had already been built. It was declared a
historic and artistic monument on February 2, 1933.
In 1531 Actopan was put under the
jurisdiction of the corregidor of Iscuincuitlapilco.
By 1568 it was made a separate jurisdiction with its own alcaldia mayor. Yolotepec was
also within these domains. As of 1791 the population consisted of 20,000
Indios, 2,291 mestizos, 54 pardos and 1,474 Spaniards (this would be both
creolles and peninsulares, and probably included some people with some
indigenous ancestry).
Actopan now consist of more than 20
communities, most of which names derive from the Otomi language.
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